NIST Technicalendar July 28 to August 1, 2008 The NIST Technicalendar is issued each Friday. All items MUST be submitted electronically from this web page by 12:00 NOON each Wednesday unless otherwise stated in the NIST Technicalendar. The address for online weekly editions of the NIST Technicalendar and NIST Administrative Calendar is: http://www.nist.gov/tcal/.

In this Issue: Meetings at NIST Meetings Elsewhere Announcements Talks by NIST Personnel NIST Web Site Announcements NIST Administrative Calendar (current)   NIST Vacancy Announcements (current)

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10:30 AM - Electron beam projection nanopatterning using crystal lattice images obtained from high resolution transmission electron microscopy

10:30 AM - Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blends: A Simple Rationale for Optimum Compositions
10:30 AM - Nanoscale measurements for photovoltaics: advances and challenges
1:30 PM - Ways to Increase the Length of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in a Magnetically Enhanced Arc Discharge

1:30 PM - BFRL Seminar: The Hydrogen Economy and Our Energy Future
2:00 PM - ****** NOTE:: NEW TIME AND NEW LOCATION **** Concrete Elements Subjected to High Temperature: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure

No Scheduled Events

No Scheduled Events

7/28 -- MONDAY

10:30 AM - CNST ELECTRON PHYSICS GROUP SEMINAR: Electron beam projection nanopatterning using crystal lattice images obtained from high resolution transmission electron microscopy
The fabrication of nanometer-scale features such as quantum dots and quantum wires, in a controllable and economically viable manner is one of essential requirements for the production of highly functional devices. Here, we propose a new electron beam projection lithography technique for patterning nanometer scale, periodic structures. The novelty of this technique is that the crystalline lattice image observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is employed as the ultimate mask to define nanometer scale pattern. Namely, the Ångstrom-scale lattice image of a crystalline material is magnified within the electron microscope, and is projected onto an electron-beam-resist-coated substrate. This technique is tentatively called AIPEL (Atomic Image Projection Electron-beam Lithography). To experimentally prove this concept, we developed the specially designed hardware based on the modification of a 200 kV TEM with a field emission gun (JEM-2010F, JEOL Ltd.). The patterning lenses for controlling the patterning magnification (50 to 300 times) were inserted below objective lens, and the wafer stage for loading the resist-coated wafer was installed in the lithography plane, as shown in Fig. 1. Using this technique, we successfully fabricated periodic arrays of dot and line patterns with feature sizes of about 25 nm using single-crystalline Si as the mask materials. Moreover, the HRTEM images which can be obtained from crystalline samples can be far more complicated. Fig. 2 shows the various patterned structures obtained from crystalline ?-silicon nitride (?-Si3N4) sample with hexagonal crystal system (P63/m). The patterning results of these complicated and interesting nanostructures not only demonstrate the uniqueness of this method but also open up a whole new area of investigating a variety of electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of nanostructures.
Ki Bum Kim , Professor /Seoul National University-Dept. of Materials Sci. and Eng., Seoul, Korea, kibum@snu.ac.kr.
217 Bldg., H107 Rm.. (NIST Contact: Jabez J. McClelland, 301-975-3721, jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov)


7/29 -- TUESDAY

10:30 AM - ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY SEMINAR: Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blends: A Simple Rationale for Optimum Compositions
The most promising device structure for organic photovoltaic devices presented to date is the 'bulk-heterojunction', whereby a hole-conducting (electron-donating) conjugated polymer, such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), is blended with an electron-conducting (electron-accepting) small-molecular compound, such as a fullerene derivative. The reported strong composition- and thermal-treatment dependence of the power conversion efficiency of such binaries suggests that phase behavior, processing conditions and the resulting microstructure play a dominant role in the performance of devices based on these systems. Here, we propose a simple rationale for selecting the optimum composition of such crystalline:crystalline polymer:small molecule blends. We find that these binary systems feature simple eutectic phase behavior, and that the optimum composition for device performance is slightly hypo-eutectic when expressed in terms of the polymer component. In accord with classical understanding of eutectic solidification, these blends feature a finely phase-separated matrix surrounding primary crystals of the small-molecular species. The combination of large interfacial area and component connectivity yield a desired microstructure for use in bulk-heterojunctions.
Natalie Stingelin-Stutzmann , Professor, Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary, University of London,. ,. Christian Müller, Toby A. M. Ferenczi, Mariano Campoy-Quiles, Jarvist M. Frost, Donal D. C. Bradley, Paul Smith, Jenny Nelson
225 Bldg, Rm. A362. (NIST Contact: David Gundlach, 301-975-2048, david.gundlach@nist.gov)

10:30 AM - CNST NANOFABRICATION RESEARCH GROUP SEMINAR: Nanoscale measurements for photovoltaics: advances and challenges
The quest to control semiconductor morphologies at the nanoscale has been largely motivated by the prospect of obtaining interesting new properties differing from the bulk. In the case of photovoltaic applications, bandgap modification can be obtained from quantum confinement below the exciton Bohr radius in nanodots, and charge mobility can significantly increase in nanowires and nanorods, because of reduced grain boundaries. The discovery of new photovoltaic structures such as bulk organic heterojunctions and semiconductor nanowires has also created the need for new characterization methods than can probe the local structure at the scale of exciton diffusion length, and correlate it with overall device power conversion efficiency. Nanostructured semiconductors such as single wall carbon nanotube transparent conducting films, Zinc oxide nanotips arrays, and Germanium nanowires coatings have been developed at the Rutgers Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnologies (IAMDN). We will present their evaluation in photovoltaic devices, and illustrate some of the challenges that such measurements represent. For instance, photoelectrical measurement of nanosized objects is made difficult by the need to make electrical contact to them. A preferred approach is to generate phase-locked photocurrent and photoluminescence with a nanosized spot of chopped light, and build an image by mapping the sample. We will report our initial results towards this goal with photocurrent microscopy on silicon solar cells, and discuss strategies to increase resolution from tens of microns to tens of nanometers. Finally, we expose our plans to measure local photoluminescence quenching and exciton lifetime in nanoscale photovoltaic objects. References: Aurelien Du Pasquier, Husnu Emrah Unalan, Alokik Kanwal and Manish Chhowalla, Applied Physics Letters 87,1,(2005). A. D. Pasquier, H. Chen, G. Saraf, J. Zhong, Y. Lu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 253513 (2006). Hanhong Chen, Aurelien Du Pasquier, Gaurav Saraf, Jian Zhong and Yicheng Lu, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 23 045004 (2008). Aurelien Du Pasquier, Daniel D. T. Mastrogiovanni, Lauren A. Klein, Tong Wang, and Eric Garfunkel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 183501 (2007). http://iamd.rutgers.edu/
Aurelien Pasquier , Research Assistant Professor, Rutgers University.
Bldg. 217, Rm. H107. (NIST Contact: Nikolai Zhitenev, 301-975-6039, nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov)

1:30 PM - POLYMERS DIVISION SEMINAR: Ways to Increase the Length of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in a Magnetically Enhanced Arc Discharge
Ability to control arc discharge and single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) properties is important for many practical applications. Our experiments suggest that magnetic field has very strong effect on the arc discharge and the anode ablation rate. It is also demonstrated that the magnetic field has a profound effect on the length of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) synthesized in the arc discharge. An average length of SWNT increases by a factor of 2 in discharge with magnetic field as compared with the discharge without magnetic field, and an amount of long nanotubes with the length above 5 micron also increases. A model of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) interactions with thermal plasma is developed. Several effects such as momentum, charge and energy transfer between SWNT and plasma are considered. It is shown that SWNT charge and potential with respect to the plasma as well as SWNT aspect ratio depend on plasma density and electric field in the interelectrode gap. A model of SWNT growth on metal catalyst in arc plasma was developed. Monte-Carlo simulations confirm that the increase of the plasma density in the magnetic field leads to an increase in the nanotube growth rate and thus leads to longer nanotubes.
Michael Keidar , Assistant Professor - George Washington University - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Washington, DC, keidar@gwu.edu.
224 Bldg, Rm. A312. (NIST Contact: Frederick Phelan, 301-975-6761, frederick.phelan@nist.gov)


7/30 -- WEDNESDAY

1:30 PM - BUILDING ENVIRONMENT DIVISION SEMINAR: BFRL Seminar: The Hydrogen Economy and Our Energy Future
The advent of fuel cells that can efficiently transform the chemical energy in a fuel directly into electricity has excited both the technical community and the general public and raised an expectation that these advancements may provide a way around a foreseeable energy shortage. Leading the list of expectations are efficient electric vehicles fueled with domestically-produced hydrogen having no harmful environmental emissions. The use of fuel cell systems for stationary power production has also generated excitement because of the high electrical efficiencies, the cogeneration opportunities and the low emissions expected from these systems. The opportunities presented by hydrogen-fueled fuel cell systems has provided impetus for transformation from a petroleum to a hydrogen economy in which domestically-produced hydrogen would be transported in a manner similar to natural gas. The objectives of this seminar are to briefly review the different fuel cell concepts that are currently receiving developmental attention. Then the characteristics of hydrogen will be reviewed in order to determine its feasibility as a transportation fuel and the merits of a hydrogen economy. The advantages and disadvantages of using fuel cell systems for transportation and stationary power applications will be reviewed. Finally the role fuel cell systems may be expected to have in our energy future will be discussed.
Dr. Sanford Klein , Director of the Solar Energy Laboratory, UW, Madison, WI. Matthew Boyd , Graduate Research Assistant, UW, Madison, WI.
Polymer Building, Room B245. (NIST Contact: Brian Dougherty, 301-975-6396, brian.dougherty@nist.gov)

2:00 PM - MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH DIVISION SEMINAR: ****** NOTE:: NEW TIME AND NEW LOCATION **** Concrete Elements Subjected to High Temperature: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
Concrete is widely used in constructions. Recent developments as high strength concrete, fibre reinforced concrete and self-compacting concrete increase the applications. The concrete behaviour at ambient temperature was widely investigated. Some points remain to be clarified about concrete behaviour at high temperature. The aim of our works is to investigate the behaviour of ordinary concrete and specific concrete (high performance concrete, concrete containing polypropylene fibres or metallic fibres, self-compacting concrete) subjected to elevated temperature, from 20 to 600 °C. The role of the cement paste (concrete matrix), the evolution of the thermal, hydrous and mechanical properties with the rise of the temperature are investigated. The studied properties include porosity, permeability, microstructure, mass loss, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The experimental results show correlations between the evolution of the mass loss and the thermal gradient in the heated concrete. SEM shows the evolution of the concrete microstructure due to heating and the effect of PP fibres on the concrete porosity/permeability. The evolutions of strength and permeability are compared. The spalling phenomenon is analysed. Size effect (specimen dimensions and heating rate) is taken into account. A modelling of the concrete behaviour at high temperature is also carried out. The aim of the numerical study is to explain the spalling or bursting phenomenon observed during experimental studies in the laboratory. Mechanical computations are carried out with the finite element code CAST'3M developed at the French Atomic Energy Agency (CEA). Heat gradient and water vapour pressure inside the concrete element are determined by using a thermo-hydrous model. Then, the mechanical stresses generated in the studied concrete element are calculated.
Albert Noumowe , Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials of Civil Engineering, Universite de Cergy-Pontoise.
Technology Building, Room B259. (NIST Contact: Clarissa Ferraris, 301-975-6711, clarissa.ferarris@nist.gov)


7/31 -- THURSDAY

No Scheduled Events

8/1 -- FRIDAY

No Scheduled Events

ADVANCE NOTICE

8/4/08 10:30 AM - ITL SEMINAR SERIES: Computer Image Analysis in the Study of Art
Abstract: In the past few years, a handful of scholars worldwide trained in computer vision, pattern recognition, image processing and art history have applied the techniques of computer vision to problems in the history of art. These new computer methods, guided by art historical knowledge, are shedding new light on art works, artistic praxis, and more. Again and again, we see that for some problems these computer methods are more sensitive, more perceptive, than even a trained artist or art historian. For instance, visual psychologists have shown that most of us ¬trained art scholars and artists included ¬are not particularly good at judging perspective or the location of illumination in a photograph, and, by extension, in a painting. But these new computer methods can be extremely good at just such tasks. Likewise, computer image processing methods can detect the subtlest variations in brush strokes, variations that elude most trained eyes. Moreover, some highly sophisticated methods, such as fractal analysis of Jackson Pollock's drip paintings, introduce new visual measures not even considered by the art community. As such, these computer methods, guided by questions in art history, will likely prove to be a valuable tool to the conservators, curators and art historians who learn how they work as well as their strengths and limitations. Bio: Dr. David G. Stork (http://rii.ricoh.com/~stork/) is Chief Scientist at Ricoh Innovations and Consulting Professor of Statistics and Visiting Lecturer in Computer Science at Stanford University, where he has held appointments, taught, and sat on dissertation committees frequently over the last 19 years in the departments of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Statistics, Psychology and Art and Art History. He is a Fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition and has published six books, including Seeing the Light: Optics in nature, photography, color, vision and holography (Wiley), the leading textbook on optics in the arts, Computer image analysis in the study of art (SPIE), the first volume in this discipline, Pattern Classification (2nd ed.), the world's all-time best-selling textbook in the field, translated into three languages and used in courses in over 250 universites worldwide, and HAL's Legacy: 2001's computer as dream and reality (MIT), the source of his PBS television documentary 2001: HAL's Legacy. A graduate in physics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Maryland at College Park, he also studied art history at Wellesley College and was Artist-in-Residence through the New York State Council of the Arts.
Dr. David Stork , Chief Scientist, Ricoh Innovations.
AML/Bldg 215, Rm. C103. (NIST Contact: Larry Reeker, 301-975-5147, larry.reeker@nist.gov)

8/4/08 10:30 AM - POLYMERS DIVISION SEMINAR: The Preparation of Synthetic Macromolecular Carriers for Biomedical Applications
Host-guest chemistry has been recently explored for the encapsulation of small molecules for applications as diverse as catalysis and drug delivery. However, the small cavity sizes make typically hosts (such as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, cyclophanes, calixarenes, etc.) inefficient for loading small molecules, and ineffective for encapsulating larger molecules, such as peptides or proteins. To meet the demand for larger carriers, polymers have been selected as components and assembled into higher order architectures using highly efficient "click" chemistry. Polymeric components that have been optimized for this approach include linear polymers prepared by living radical polymerization techniques, aliphatic polyester dendrons prepared in a divergent fashion, and cyclic polymers prepared by a Huisgen "click-cyclization" approach.
Scott Grayson , Professor, Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
Polymer Building, Rm. A312. (NIST Contact: David Germack, 301-975-4441, david.germack@nist.gov)

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MEETINGS ELSEWHERE


7/28 -- MONDAY

No Scheduled Events

7/29 -- TUESDAY

No Scheduled Events

7/30 -- WEDNESDAY

No Scheduled Events

7/31 -- THURSDAY

No Scheduled Events

8/1 -- FRIDAY

No Scheduled Events

ADVANCE NOTICE

No Scheduled Events

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TALKS BY NIST PERSONNEL

MILLER, B. : AUGMENTING PRESENTATION MATHML FOR SEARCH.
7th Mathematical Knowledge Management Meeting, Birmingham, UK, 7/28.

FONG, J. : ROBUST ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR FAILURE PREVENTION.
ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Chicago, IL, 7/28.

FONG, J. : A WEB-BASED DATA ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING RELIABILITY OF WELD FLAW DETECTION, LOCATION, AND SIZING.
ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Chicago, IL, 7/29.

NIEUWENDAAL, R. : A SOLID-STATE NMR STUDY OF A CLASSIC PHOTOREACTION: THE TOPOCHEMICAL [2+2] PHOTOCYCLOADDITION REACTION OF A-TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID.
Rocky Mountain Analytical Chemistry Conference on Solid-State NMR, Breckenridge, CO, 7/29.

FONG, J. : A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO A RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY OF MAIN STEAM AND HOT REHEAT PIPING SYSTEMS.
ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Chicago, IL, 7/30.

LEE, Y. : VIBRATIONAL DEPHASING TIME IMAGING BY TIME-RESOLVED CARS MICROSCOPY (CONTRIBUTED).
Gordon Research Conferences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 8/3.

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ANNOUNCEMENTS

2008 WORLD STANDARDS DAY PAPER COMPETITION
The U.S. standards community will celebrate World Standards Day on Thursday, October 23, 2008, at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Washington, DC. The theme for this year's celebration, "Intelligent and Sustainable Buildings," recognizes the critical role of standards and conformity assessment programs in ensuring safety requirements; facilitating coordination among contractors, builders, engineers, and architects; and incorporating new technologies in design and construction. In conjunction with this year's event, the 2008 World Standards Day sponsors, including NIST will hold the annual paper competition. The 2008 World Standards Day Paper Competition invites papers that use specific examples to show ways that standards and conformity assessment programs are used for intelligent and sustainable buildings. Paper competition winners will be announced and given their awards at the US celebration of World Standards Day. The first place winner will receive a plaque and $2,500. Second and third place winners will receive $1,000 and $500, respectively, along with a certificate. In addition, the winning papers will be published in SES's journal, "Standards Engineering." ELIGIBILITY: The competition is open to U.S.-based individuals in the private sector, government, or academia. Papers may be co-authored. RULES: Entries must be original and not previously published. NIST papers must be processed through WERB or BERB. All paper contest submissions must be received with an official entry form by midnight on August 29, 2008, by the SES Executive Director, 13340 SW 96th Avenue, Miami, Florida, 33176. Complete details and official entry forms are available on the SES website www.ses-standards.org (follow the link for "2008 WSD Paper Competition.") For additional information about the U.S. Celebration of World Standards Day, or to register for the event, please visit www.wsd-us.org.
NIST Contact: Mary Donaldson, 301-975-6197, mary.donaldson@nist.gov

PUBLICATIONS PRINTING DEADLINE AUGUST 14, 2008
August 14 is the last day in FY 2008 to submit materials using FY 2008 funds to the Electronic Information and Publications Group (EIPG) for printing at the Department of Commerce or Government Printing Office. To assure timely processing, bring your Editorial Review Board-approved document or administrative printing job and appropriate paperwork to the EIPG office by close of business on Thursday, August 14, 2008. The office is located on the mezzanine floor of the NIST Research Library in the Admin Building, Room E220. Questions? Ilse Putman, x2780 or Barbara Silcox, x2146.
NIST Contact: Ilse Putman, 301-975-2780, ilse.putman@nist.gov

VISITOR REGISTRATION FOR NIST EVENTS
Because of heightened security at the NIST Gaithersburg site, members of the public who wish to attend meetings, seminars, lectures, etc. must first register in advance. For more information please call or e-mail the "NIST Contact" for the particular event you would like to attend.
NIST Contact: . ., ., .

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NIST WEB SITE ANNOUNCEMENTS

No Web Site announcements this week.

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For more information, contact Ms. Sharon Hallman, Editor, Stop 2500, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD 20899-2500; Telephone: 301-975-TCAL (3570); Fax: 301-926-4431; or Email: tcal@nist.gov.

All lectures and meetings are open unless otherwise stated.

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